(北京工業(yè)大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，北京 100124)
摘 要: 微合金化是提高鋁合金性能的重要途徑，控制微量元素的種類和含量，充分發(fā)揮微量元素的作用是當前鋁合金研究的主要方向之一。大量研究表明：廉價的Er能夠起到有效的微合金化作用，Er元素在鋁合金中可形成納米級Al3Er強化相，并可通過與Zr復(fù)合作用形成Al3(ZrxEr1−x)復(fù)合相，比Al3Sc相具有更好的熱穩(wěn)定性，從而可以改善鋁合金組織，大幅度提高鋁合金的強度或塑性、明顯抑制鋁合金的再結(jié)晶以提高其耐熱性，改善其綜合性能。本文作者針對微合金化元素Er在鋁合金中析出Al3Er相及Al3(ZrxEr1−x)復(fù)合相的過程及其對合金組織和性能的影響機理，以及Er微合金化在幾類工業(yè)合金體系中的作用，介紹含鉺鋁合金的最新研究進展。
關(guān)鍵字: 鋁合金；Er；微合金化；Al3Er
（School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China）
Abstract:Micro alloying is an important way to improve the properties of aluminum alloy, so choosing appropriate elements and controlling the amount of addition to obtain optimum alloying effect were investigated intensively. It was found that Er was a cheap and effective micro alloying element. Nano-scale Al3Er particles form in Er-containing aluminum alloys, and composite phase Al3(ZrxEr1−x) can form due to the interaction of Er and Zr. These kinds of particles are thermally stable, thus the addition of Er can optimize the microstructure, improve the mechanical properties and hinder the recrystallization so as to improve its thermal stability. The research progress of Er-containing aluminum alloy is presented. The emphasis is laid on the precipitation of Al3Er and Al3(ZrxEr1−x) and its effect on the microstructure and properties. The effect of Er in some typical commercial alloys is also summarized.
Key words: aluminium alloy; Er; micro alloying; Al3Er
