(北京科技大學(xué) 冶金與生態(tài)工程學(xué)院，北京 100083)
摘 要: 為了更好地控制Zn、Pb等重金屬在熔融處理過程中的揮發(fā)行為，需要確切了解復(fù)雜體系中Zn、Pb等重金屬化合物的飽和蒸氣壓、活度等重要的熱力學(xué)參數(shù)。本研究描述了利用氣流攜帶法測定復(fù)雜體系中Zn、Pb等重金屬飽和蒸氣壓的試驗(yàn)裝置的設(shè)計(jì)、安裝和數(shù)據(jù)有效性檢驗(yàn)過程。研究過程中利用該裝置測定了不同溫度條件下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)NaCl的飽和蒸氣壓并與文獻(xiàn)參考值進(jìn)行對比，結(jié)果顯示測量值與文獻(xiàn)參考值吻合較好；同時(shí)，測定了不同溫度條件下FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3體系中ZnCl2的飽和蒸氣壓，結(jié)果顯示970~1 030 K溫度范圍內(nèi)上述體系中ZnCl2蒸氣壓隨溫度升高而升高，且ZnCl2蒸氣壓的對數(shù)與溫度的倒數(shù)呈線性關(guān)系，與前人研究結(jié)果呈現(xiàn)出相似的趨勢，說明利用該裝置測試的數(shù)據(jù)是有效和可靠的。
關(guān)鍵字: 氣流攜帶法；飽和蒸氣壓；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)；NaCl；ZnCl2
saturated vapor pressure in complex system
（School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,
University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract:In order to effectively control the vaporization behaviors of heavy metals such as zinc and lead in smelting process, it is necessary to obtain the basic knowledge such as the saturated vapor pressure and activities of heavy metals in complex system. In this work, the process of designing, installing and testing of the apparatus, which tends to be applied for the measurements of the saturated pressure of zinc and lead chlorides in complex system by using of transpiration method, was introduced. This apparatus was used to measure the saturated vapor pressure of standard substance NaCl. The testing results show that the value obtained agrees reasonably well with the reference data. Additionally, the saturated vapor pressures of ZnCl2 in FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 system were tested at different temperatures. And a linear relationship between the logarithmic value of the vapor pressure of ZnCl2 (lnp) and the reciprocal of temperature (1/T) is observed, which is similar with the previous research. All of these data above indicate that the present apparatus is suitable for detecting the vapor pressures of metal chlorides at high temperature.
Key words: transpiration method; saturated vapor pressure; standard substance; NaCl; ZnCl2
