(中南大學(xué) 化學(xué)化工學(xué)院，長沙 410083)
摘 要: 為了提高異極礦在堿性溶液中的浸出效率， 采用QM-1SP行星球磨機(jī)對云南南坪異極礦進(jìn)行機(jī)械活化強(qiáng)化浸出研究。通過浸出動力學(xué)實驗、掃描電鏡分析(SEM)、粒度分析、熱重−差熱分析、X射線衍射分析探討機(jī)械活化對異極礦晶體結(jié)構(gòu)和浸出行為影響的規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明：機(jī)械活化使異極礦細(xì)化分散、礦晶格顯著畸變并在表面形成非晶態(tài)層，礦物顆粒處于高能亞穩(wěn)態(tài)；機(jī)械活化可有效阻止不溶性浸出產(chǎn)物在礦物顆粒表面的積累，消除直接浸出的停滯期，使浸出速率加快，相同浸時間內(nèi)鋅浸出率顯著提高；堿法直接浸出異極礦浸出率達(dá)到80.5%需6 h，球磨15 min后異極礦達(dá)到相同浸出率僅需3 h；磨−浸結(jié)合(Mechano-chemical)具有更佳的浸出效果。
關(guān)鍵字: 異極礦；機(jī)械活化；氨水−氯化銨溶液；晶格畸變
（School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083）
Abstract:In order to accelerate the leaching rate of zinc in alkaline solutions, QM-1SP type planetary ball mill was used to enhance the leaching of hemimorphite from Lanping, Yunan Province in NH3-NH4Cl solutions. The influence of mechanical activation on the crystal structure and leaching behavior of hemimorphite was investigated by SEM, particle distribution analysis, TG-DSC analysis and XRD analysis. The results indicate that, by mechanical activation the size of the ore particles decrease, the surface crystal layer of the ore transfers to amorphous, the lattice distortion increases obviously and the hemimorphite is in an activated metastable state. The accumulation of the insoluble products on the ore is blocked, the stagnation period in non-milled leaching process is eliminated and the leaching rate of zinc increases rapidly. In non-milled leaching process, it needs 6h to get extraction ratio of 80.5%, while in the milled-leaching process with 15 min dry-milled treatment, it just needs 3 h to get the same extraction ratio. It is also found that the effect of the mechano-chemical process is prior to that of the dry-milled process.
Key words: hemimorphite; mechanical activation; ammonia-ammonium chloride solution; lattice distortion
