(31.西南鋁加工，重慶631326；
2.西南交通大學(xué)，成都610031)
摘 要: 對高速列車用6063、6061、919(相當(dāng)于7005)鋁合金母材及與之相匹配的焊絲(4043、5183、5356鋁合金絲)施以MIG焊接之后的焊區(qū)強度、硬度以及焊接接頭的腐蝕傾向、殘余應(yīng)力水平和常見的焊接裂紋與氣孔等缺陷進(jìn)行了分析和研究。結(jié)果表明，由于產(chǎn)生了軟化，焊縫及熱影響區(qū)的強度和硬度均低于母材；從綜合效果來看，以母材6061合金配4043焊絲為佳；從焊后強度和剛度看，中空型材的截面以斜筋截面為優(yōu)；從焊接接頭的可靠性看，以縱向MIG自動焊接對接為最好。
關(guān)鍵字: 車輛鋁材 焊接特性 強度 硬度
ALLOYS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES
（1.The Southwest Aluminium Works,Chongqing 631326
2.The Southwest Jiao Tong University,Chengdu 610031）
Abstract:After MIG welding was carried out on the aluminium alloys materials 6063, 6061 and 919 using matched aluminium solder wires 4043, 5183 and 5356 respectively, the strength and the hardness of the soldered joint, the corrosion tendency and the residual stress of the heat affected zone, and the weld cracks and other weld defects were analyzed and studied. The results showed that due to softening, the strength and the hardness of the weld seam and the heat affected zone were all lower. In light of the comprehensive effect, the 6061 aluminium alloy matched with 4043 aluminium solder wire is the best; in light of the strength and the hardness after welding, the hollow figured with diagonal-bar section is the best; in light of the reliability of the soldered joint, the longitudinal MIG automatic welding is the best for connecting.
Key words: aluminium materials for vehicles welding characteristics strength hardness
