(1 北京有色金屬研究總院，北京 100088； 2 長(zhǎng)沙礦冶院，長(zhǎng)沙 410012)
摘 要: 用化學(xué)共沉淀法在可控pH值、添加劑和加氨水等條件下由NiSO4和NaOH反應(yīng)結(jié)晶制備了氫氧化鎳粉末。高性能的球形氫氧化鎳顆粒系由帶微孔的微晶組成的，其X射線譜線呈各向異性寬化，其中(h0l)型譜線寬化最為嚴(yán)重。各向異性譜線寬化的性質(zhì)與氫氧化鎳中微晶結(jié)構(gòu)特性有關(guān)(尤其是整個(gè)材料中存在著堆垛層錯(cuò)平面缺陷)。通過(guò)X射線衍射測(cè)量的微晶結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)如微晶粒度、晶格常數(shù)a與c 軸的大小以及(100)、(001)譜線強(qiáng)度等，可以用于建立其與制備工藝和電化學(xué)活性之間的關(guān)系。一般在較低的結(jié)晶度和(100)譜線強(qiáng)度下以及較大的c 軸下可以獲得較好的電化學(xué)活性。
關(guān)鍵字: 氫氧化鎳；微晶結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)；各向異性譜線寬化；電化學(xué)活性；利用率
（General Research Institute for Non-ferrous Metals, Beijing 1000 88 P.R.China）
Abstract:A high performance nickel hydroxide,β-Ni (OH)2 powder was produced by chemical coprecipitating process using NiSO4 and NaOH solution under highly controlled pH-values and adding to aqueous ammonia as a complexing agent. The apparently spherical Ni(OH)2 particles consisted of many microcrystals and its diffraction patterns display anisotropic broadening, i. e. most of (h0l) and (00l) type line broadening, a few of (h00) type line broadening. The line broadening properties are closely related to the microcrystal orientation growth character in β-Ni (OH)2 preparation process. The utilization of the Ni (OH)2 active mass in an alkaline storage battery could be correlated to the crystalline parameters of microcrystals as determined by X-ray diffraction measurements, i. e. the smaller crystal size both in a- and c- directions, the larger c-lattice constant and the lower crystallinity led to the higher utilization ratio.
Key words: nickel hydroxide; structural parameters of microcrystals; anisotropic spectro-line broadening; utilization efficiency; electrochemistry activity
