(1. 清華大學(xué) 核能技術(shù)設(shè)計研究院， 北京 102201;
2. 江西省科學(xué)院 應(yīng)用化學(xué)研究所， 南昌 330029)
摘 要: 四川冕寧含稀土原礦經(jīng)Na2CO3脫氟后， 采用氯化銨焙燒法提取稀土。 通過正交試驗確定了脫氟最佳條件：溫度650 ℃， 脫氟劑用量m (Na2CO3)/m (原礦)=0.25， 反應(yīng)時間30 min，原礦脫氟率達到95%以上。 同時考察了溫度、 時間及NH4Cl對脫氟原礦稀土氯化的影響， 在優(yōu)化條件下氯化， 其稀土回收率達到95%以上。 浸出液的成分分析結(jié)果表明， 氯化過程中Fe， Si和Al的溶出量很少， 有利于該浸出液中稀土的提取與分離。
關(guān)鍵字: 氯化銨； 氟碳鈰原礦； 稀土
（1. Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology，Tsinghua University， Beijing 102201， P.R.China;
2. Institute of Applied Chemistry，Jiangxi Academy of Sciences， Nanchang 330029， P.R.China）
Abstract: The optimum conditions of stripping fluorine for Sichuan bastnasite crude ore were determined by orthogonal experiments. Over 95% fluorine in the crude ore was stripped by roasting 30 min of the crude ore with m (Na2CO3)/m (ore)=0.25 at 650 ℃. The stripped fluorine crude ore was further treatedby NH4Cl to recover RE. Above 95% RE can be leached by water after the stripped fluorine crude ore mixed with NH4Cl (m (NH4Cl)/ m (ore)=1∶1) was roasted 1 h at 325 ℃. At the same time， the RE leaching solution contains little Fe， Si and Al. Therefore it is propitious to further purify the solution and recover RE.
Key words: bastnasite crude ore; ammonium chloride; rare earth
