(安徽工業(yè)大學 冶金工程系，馬鞍山 243002)
摘 要: 利用正、反向擠壓對比實驗研究了反向擠壓鋁合金時，在基本擠壓階段，擠壓力的變化規(guī)律以及其最大擠壓力與正向擠壓時的差異，以便為合理制訂反向擠壓工藝和進行工具設計提供依據(jù)。研究表明：擠壓棒材時，隨著擠壓過程的進行，擠壓力呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢，在擠壓結束時達到最大值，這與正向擠壓時是相反的，其最大擠壓力比正向擠壓時小10%左右；擠壓管材時，在基本擠壓階段開始時的擠壓力最大，隨著擠壓過程的進行，擠壓力呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢，與正向擠壓時相似，而當擠壓過程進行到一定程度時，擠壓力基本保持穩(wěn)定，其最大擠壓力比正向擠壓時小30%左右。
關鍵字: 擠壓力；變化規(guī)律；反向擠壓；棒材；管材
process of backward extrusion
（Department of Metallurgical Engineering,
Anhui University of Technology，Maanshan 243002，China）
Abstract:By the aid of the comparison experiment of direct extrusion with backward extrusion，the varying law of extrusion force and the difference of maximum extrusion force between direct and backward extrusion were studied.The experiment results show that in backward extruding bars，the extrusion force increases with extrusion process and reaches the maximum value which is about 10% smaller than that in direct extrusion at the end of the extrusion process，and this phenomenon is opposite to that in direct extrusion; in backward extruding pipes，the extrusion force reaches the maximum value which is about 30% smaller than that in direct extrusion at the beginning of basic extrusion stage and then decreases with extrusion process and reaches a constant in end.This phenomenon is similar to that in direct extrusion.
Key words: extrusion force; varying law; backward extrusion; bar; pipe
