(昆明貴金屬研究所， 昆明 650221)
摘 要: 從化學(xué)及冶金中的實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象歸納出原子態(tài)貴金屬的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性是按周期表位置從左到右增強(qiáng)， 即Ru<Rh<Pd<Ag，Os<Ir<Pt<Au；但按晶態(tài)貴金屬的原子化熱、熔點(diǎn)及沸點(diǎn)判斷，金屬鍵的強(qiáng)度則是從左到右降低，即Ru>Rh>Pd>Ag，Os>Ir>Pt>Au，兩種順序恰好相反。金屬態(tài)抗酸、堿的腐蝕性能應(yīng)為原子的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性與金屬鍵強(qiáng)度的綜合表現(xiàn)，應(yīng)重視區(qū)分原子態(tài)和金屬態(tài)化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性的差異，并可從原子結(jié)構(gòu)理論和金屬鍵的價(jià)鍵理論作出解釋。
關(guān)鍵字: 貴金屬； 原子結(jié)構(gòu)； 金屬鍵； 穩(wěn)定性
atom-and metal-state precious metals
（Institute of Precious Metals， Kunming 650221, P.R.China）
Abstract:The chemical stability of atom-state precious metals is according with the order of Ru<Rh<Pd<Ag and Os<Ir<Pt<Au; while the order of metal state stability and strength of metal bonds is according with Ru>Rh>Pd>Ag and Os>Ir>Pt>Au from the data of atomized-heats，melting points，and boiling points of precious metals，The differences in concepts of atom and metal state of precious metals were also given out，and the explanations for these were discussed from the atomic structure and metal bond theories.
Key words: precious metals; atomic structure; metal bond; stability
