(中南大學(xué) 礦物工程系， 長(zhǎng)沙 410083)
摘 要: 分析了我國(guó)鋁土礦中一水硬鋁石和鋁硅酸鹽脈石礦物的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)與表面性質(zhì)。一水硬鋁石與鋁硅酸鹽脈石礦物晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的差異、表面斷裂的Al-O和Si-O鍵及表面離子活性區(qū)的差別，可影響礦物表面的潤(rùn)濕性與可浮性，類質(zhì)同象及各種晶格雜質(zhì)離子也將影響浮選劑與礦物表面的相互作用和礦物可磨性。提出了正浮選、反浮選鋁硅分離的技術(shù)原型，用溶液化學(xué)計(jì)算研究了其基本原理。結(jié)果表明：通過(guò)溶液化學(xué)計(jì)算可確定陰離子捕收劑正浮選脫硅時(shí)捕收劑，分散劑和pH三者之間的匹配關(guān)系；礦物的PZC與捕收劑的pKa值是陽(yáng)離子捕收劑反浮選的主要控制參數(shù)；陰離子捕收劑反浮選時(shí)，鉛鹽和鈣鹽是浮選鋁硅酸鹽較理想的活化劑。
關(guān)鍵字: 正浮選； 反浮選； 溶液化學(xué)； 鋁土礦
of diasporic bauxite
（Department of Mineral Engineering， Central South University，
Changsha 410083, P.R.China）
Abstract:The crystal structure， wettability and floatability of diaspore and other gangues like kaolite， illite and pyrophyllite were discussed. Differences of wettability and floatability between diaspore and aluminium silicate minerals are due to the differences of crystal structure between diaspore and aluminium silicate minerals， and of the part Al-O， Si-O bonds， and the metal ions on the surface of the minerals. The technological schemes of direct-or reverse-flotation separation of aluminum-silicate minerals from bauxite were suggested. The fundamentals involved the technologies were studied. The relationship of collectors, dispersant and pH can be determined by solution chemical calculation in the direct flotation of bauxite by anionic collectors. The PZC of minerals and the pKa of collectors are the dominating control parameter in the reverse flotation by cationic collectors. The lead salt and calcium salt are effective activators in the metal ions activation flotation by the anionic collectors.
Key words: direct flotation; reverse flotation; solution chemistry; bauxite
