(哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院， 哈爾濱 150001)
摘 要: 回顧了鎳鈦合金自1963年發(fā)現(xiàn)形狀記憶效應(yīng)至今40年的發(fā)展歷程、 應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域和產(chǎn)業(yè)狀況。鎳鈦合金具有優(yōu)良的力學(xué)性能、 腐蝕抗力、 形狀記憶效應(yīng)、 超彈性、 阻尼特性和生物相容性等特點(diǎn)， 其應(yīng)用范圍涉及航空、 航天、 機(jī)械、 電子、 化工、 能源、建筑等工程領(lǐng)域、 民用和醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域。 縱觀全球記憶合金產(chǎn)業(yè)， 國外主要高利潤經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點(diǎn)正逐步從工業(yè)產(chǎn)品和民用產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)變到超彈性介入醫(yī)學(xué)產(chǎn)品， 從原材料→半成品→成品已經(jīng)形成良好的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈， 正進(jìn)入蓬勃發(fā)展時(shí)期。 國內(nèi)記憶合金產(chǎn)業(yè)剛剛興起， 理論研究和應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究的基礎(chǔ)不錯(cuò)，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)企業(yè)之間的合作， 避免惡性競爭， 共同推進(jìn)鎳鈦合金高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。
關(guān)鍵字: 鎳鈦合金； 形狀記憶效應(yīng)； 超彈性； 工程應(yīng)用；醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用
（School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China）
Abstract:The development, application and related industry state of the nickel-titanium alloys in the past 40 years were reviewed. The nickel-titanium alloys have been extensively used in the fields of aerospace, machinery, electronics, chemistry, energy sources, architecture and daily life due to their excellent mechanical property, corrosion resistance, shape memory effect, superelasticity, damping property and biocompatibility. Overviewing the global NiTi industry, the oversea market gets the major profits from the superelastic interventional products instead of the engineering and commodity products, and a good industry structure has been established for the primary materials, semi-products, final products manufacturing. The international market for NiTi products are promising. For the domestic shape memory alloys industry, the fundamental research works have been done very well, and a healthy development can be realized through making a close cooperation relations between enterprises and avoiding the malignant competition.
Key words: Ni-Ti alloys; shape memory effect; superelasticity; engineering application; medical application
