金屬間化合物基復(fù)合材料及其摩擦學(xué)性能
(中國(guó)科學(xué)院 蘭州化學(xué)物理研究所
固體潤(rùn)滑國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室， 蘭州 730000)
摘 要: 利用燃燒合成熔化技術(shù)在300℃以上加溫以及惰性氣氛保護(hù)條件下熔化制備了晶粒尺寸小于10nm、 厚度大于
3mm、具有優(yōu)異力學(xué)和抗磨損性能的Ni3Al， Fe3Al， WCx塊體納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料，并且利用此法制備了微觀組織特征良好、 增強(qiáng)相含量可在較大范圍內(nèi)調(diào)整， 且具有良好力學(xué)和抗磨損性能的陶瓷相增強(qiáng)的鋁化物、 硅化物基復(fù)合材料。 燃燒合成熔化技術(shù)具有低能耗、低污染和生產(chǎn)效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 對(duì)幾類金屬間化合物摩擦學(xué)性能的研究表明， 其磨損性能具有反溫度和速度效應(yīng)， 即隨溫度、 速度的升高其磨損量反而下降， 磨損機(jī)理以微斷裂、疲勞磨損為主； 復(fù)合化、 納米化是提高其抗磨性的有效途徑。
關(guān)鍵字: 燃燒合成； 金屬間化合物； 納米材料；磨損
intermetallic matrix composites and their tribological properties
（State Key Lab for Solid Lubricating,
Lanzhou Physico Chemistry Research Institute,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China）
Abstract:Ni3Al, Fe3Al and WC bulk nanocrystalline materials with crystal size of less than 10 nm and bulk thickness of 3 mm, which also have excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance, were prepared by combustion synthesis in inert atmosphere and at above 300℃. By this means, aluminides, silicates base composites with homogeneous microstructure, adjustable strengthening phase content, good mechanical properties and wear resistance can also been prepared. Therefore, combustion systhesis has the merits of low energy consumption, low pollution and high efficiency. Studies on the wear properties of the above intermetallics show that their wear loss decreases with temperature and velocity increasing, and the wear mechanism are mainly micro-crack and fatigue wear. The wear resistance can be improved by nanocrystallized, composited method.
Key words: combustion synthesis; intermetallics; nanocrystalline; wear
