(北京航空材料研究院, 北京 100095)
摘 要: 評(píng)述了超高強(qiáng)度鋼和高強(qiáng)度不銹鋼的基本理論、 成分設(shè)計(jì)、 超純凈熔煉和工程應(yīng)用技術(shù)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r、 在航空、 航天及其他高科技領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用和重要地位、發(fā)展目標(biāo)、 強(qiáng)韌化機(jī)理和成分探索研究現(xiàn)狀及存在問題。 借助透射電子顯微鏡高分辨和電子選區(qū)衍射等方法， 揭示了超細(xì)馬氏體板條、 超細(xì)共格沉淀強(qiáng)化相Laves相、 M2C及逆轉(zhuǎn)變奧氏體等強(qiáng)-韌化機(jī)理。 用VIM+VAR雙真空超純潔熔煉、超均勻加工及控制相變熱處理等技術(shù)， 獲得2種低碳超高強(qiáng)度高韌性不銹鋼，其力學(xué)性能分別達(dá)到抗拉強(qiáng)度1915MPa和1862MPa, 斷裂韌度119MPa·m1/2和120MPa·m1/2。
關(guān)鍵字: 超高強(qiáng)度鋼； 不銹鋼； 強(qiáng)-韌化機(jī)理
（Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China）
Abstract:The fundamental theory, future object, studying status and topics of ultra-high strength steel and high strength stainless steel were reviewed. The new strengthen-toughening mechanisms, such as ultrafine martensitic laths, ultrafine strengthening phases M2C carbide and Laves phase precipitated coherence with martensitic matix and reverse transformed austenite distributed over the effective grain boundaries were discovered with electronic microscopy. By means of VIM+VAR double vacuum melting technology secured super pure materials and by the super homogenization hotwork and controlling martensitic transformation heat treatment techniques, the new types of low carbon ultra-high strength steel in combination with high toughness were obtained. The tensile strengths reach 1915MPa and 1862MPa and the fracture toughnesses reach 119MPa and 120MPa·m1/2 respectively.
Key words: ultra-high strength steel; stainless steel; strengthen-toughening mechanism
