(太原理工大學(xué) 煤科學(xué)與技術(shù)教育部和山西省重點實驗室， 太原 030024)
摘 要: 根據(jù)煤的結(jié)構(gòu)特點， 對煤進(jìn)行閉環(huán)的超細(xì)粉碎， 脫除部分揮發(fā)分， 表面傅-克烷基化化學(xué)改性， 與塑料經(jīng)強制排氣式共混，研制了一種新型的煤填充高分子復(fù)合塑料母料。 將該母料用于聚丙烯， 可制得具有較好強度、 韌性和優(yōu)良電絕緣性能的復(fù)合材料， 在煤含量為20%（質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)）時， 復(fù)合材料的拉伸屈服強度大于24.0MPa， 缺口沖擊強度不小于8.0kJ/m2；同時， 煤/聚丙烯復(fù)合材料在較大的煤含量范圍內(nèi)(0%~50%, 質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))， 直流絕緣電阻率保持在1014Ω·cm以上。 新型煤填充高分子復(fù)合材料在電線電纜中的應(yīng)用表明，加工性能良好， 成品絕緣層力學(xué)性能滿足標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求， 絕緣性能優(yōu)良， 并可有效降低材料的成本。
關(guān)鍵字: 煤填充高分子復(fù)合材料； 烷基化改性； 絕緣材料；煤的直接利用
（Key Laboratory of Education Ministry and Shanxi Province for Coal Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China）
Abstract:A new master batch of coal filled polyolefin was developed and applied to produce the wire or cable coating material. The manufacturing process of the master batch consists of ultra-fine jet milling, partial devolatilization and Friedel-Crafts alkylation surface modification of the coal, blending and extruding of the modified coal/polymer with enforced venting. Through blending the master batch and polypropylene (PP), the strength and toughness of composite material are intensified. When the content of coal filler is 20%(mass fraction), the tensile yielding strength and the elongation of the alkylated coal/PP composite exceed 24.0MPa and 100 % respectively, and the notched impact strength is no less than 8.0kJ/m2. The DC resistivity of the alkylated coal/PP composite is more than 1014 Ω·cm in the coal content of 0%~50%(mass fraction). The testing of the insulation and mechanical properties of 10kV insulated electric cable indicates that the coal-filled polymer composites can be used as wire and cable coating material. This is a new way of direct utilization of coal.
Key words: coal-filled polymer composites； alkylation modification； insulant； direct utilization of coal
