( 中國科學(xué)院 過程工程研究所, 北京 100080)
摘 要: 根據(jù)在電爐還原煉磷過程中, 磷灰石中的鎵在電塵漿中高度富集, 成為可供利用的鎵資源， 提出了一種提取鎵的預(yù)處理技術(shù)：用濃硫酸熟化電塵， 將其中的鎵先轉(zhuǎn)化成水溶性化合物， 再從預(yù)處理物料中浸出鎵。 考察了預(yù)處理過程中電塵的化學(xué)和礦物學(xué)變化以及影響鎵提取率的因素， 并給出了適宜的預(yù)處理條件；在最佳質(zhì)量比電塵∶水∶硫酸=1∶1∶1， 200℃下熟化2h。 實驗結(jié)果表明， 在優(yōu)化條件下將預(yù)處理的電塵在80℃浸出1h， 鎵的浸出率可達(dá)90%以上。
關(guān)鍵字: 電爐煙塵; 黃磷硫酸; 鎵; 熟化
gallium extraction
DAI Yu-jie, WANG Jing
（ Institute of Process Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing 100080, China）
Abstract: The gallium of apatite is found to be concentrated in the flue dust when apatite is reduced to produce yellow phosphorus in electric arc furnace, which makes the flue dust a valuable gallium resource. The new technology proved is to introduce a pretreatment process to enhance the extraction of gallium from phosphorus industry flue dust. The flue dust is slurred, then treated with concentrated sulfuric acid and cured for a period. The gallium in the dust is converted into soluble compounds after the pretreatment and ready to leach in the subsequent leaching process. The chemical and mineralogical changes occurred during the pretreatment were investigated to further understand the process, and the parameters of the pretreatment were examined and optimized. About 90% of the gallium can be extracted from the flue dust in this way.
Key words: flue dust; gallium; phosphorus; sulfuric acid; curing
