(福州大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院， 福州 350002)
摘 要: 采用熔煉法， 制備出新型Ni↓3Al/石墨抗高溫、 耐腐蝕固體自潤(rùn)滑材料。 結(jié)果表明： Al不僅是強(qiáng)化合金基體的元素， 而且是一種使片狀石墨轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榍驙钍那蚧瘎讳X與氧結(jié)合成渣降低了氧在石墨表面的吸附。 建立了界面能和過冷度對(duì)石墨生長(zhǎng)形態(tài)影響的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型； 分析表明， 石墨在潔凈的液態(tài)金屬中結(jié)晶， 由于(101-0)棱面與(0001)基面的溫度回升速率的差異， 促使石墨球狀生長(zhǎng)。石墨經(jīng)球化處理后， 材料的沖擊韌性得到提高； 將該材料與GCr15軸承鋼及45﹟退火鋼進(jìn)行干摩擦磨損時(shí)，摩擦因數(shù)分別為0.36和0.40。關(guān)鍵詞: Ni3Al/石墨合金； 自潤(rùn)滑；熔煉法； 球化
關(guān)鍵字: Ni3Al/石墨合金； 自潤(rùn)滑；熔煉法； 球化
self-lubricating Ni3Al/graphite alloy
（School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China）
Abstract: A new high-temperature self-lubricating Ni3Al/graphite alloy was produced by melting method. The results show that Al element is not only an element that strengthens the alloy matrix, but also a nodularizer that promotes the transition from flaky graphite to spheroidal graphite. The combination of Al and oxygen decreases the absorption of oxygen on graphite surface. A dynamic model about the influence of interfacial energy and undercooling on the growth morphology of graphite has been established. The analysis show that during the crystallization of graphite in clean liquid metal, the difference of temperature recovery rate between （101-0）prismatic plane and （0001）basal plane promotes the growth of spheroidal graphite. After the graphite being spheroidized, the impact toughness of the alloy was improved. Through dry friction and wear experiment against GCr15 bearing steel and 45# annealed steel, it was found that the friction coefficient of the alloy remains stably as 0.36 and 0.40, respectively.
Key words: Ni3Al/graphite alloy； self-lubricating； melting method； spheroidization
