(中南大學 粉末冶金國家重點實驗室， 長沙 410083)
摘 要: 研究了90W-7Ni-3Fe混合粉末在行星式高能球磨機中的機械合金化(MA)工藝。 在一定條件下球磨后， 采用XRD分析了粉末相變化、 晶塊尺寸和晶格畸變， 采用SEM對粉末形貌進行了分析。 研究了球磨時間、 球磨機轉(zhuǎn)速、 球料比、 球裝填系數(shù)、 不同的表面活性劑等因素對粉末性能的影響。 確定了機械合金化制備W-Ni-Fe納米復合粉末的最優(yōu)化工藝： 球磨轉(zhuǎn)速為200r/min， 球裝填系數(shù)為6%~12%， 球料比為10∶1， 液體介質(zhì)比為V液體∶V(球+料)=1.4~2.0。 不同種類的過程控制劑對MA粉末分散和粉末的成形性有很大的影響， 采用8#過程控制劑能在有效分散MA粉末的同時具有好的成形性。
關(guān)鍵字: 機械合金化； 鎢合金； 工藝優(yōu)化； 過程控制劑
（ State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract: The elemental powder mixture of 90W-7Ni-3Fe was mechanically alloyed in the QM-2SP16 planetary high energy ball mill. The optimal MA process was investigated. MA-ed composite powder characteristics such as particle size, BET and component of mechanical alloyed powder were examined. The structure, crystalline size, lattice deformation and morphology of the powders were analyzed by means of XRD and SEM. The parameters of mechanical alloying process such as milling time, milling speed, ball-to-powder ratio, ball filling ratio and the different process control agents were studied in order to understand their influences on the powder characteristics. The optimal mechanical alloying process of producing a W-Ni-Fe nano-crystalline composite powder was obtained: milling speed, ball-to-powder ratio, ball filling ratio and liquid-to-balls-and-powders ratio are 200r/min, 10∶1, 6%～12% and 1.4～2.0, respectively. Process control agents have important effects on the characteristics and shaping-ability of the MA-ed powders, and the powders are scattered effectively and have good shaping-ability when process control agent 8# was added.
Key words: mechanical alloying; tungsten heavy alloy; process optimization; process control agents
