( 北京化工大學(xué) 現(xiàn)代催化研究所， 北京 100029)
摘 要: 采用均相溶液化學(xué)還原法與超臨界流體干燥法相結(jié)合的組合技術(shù)，制備了高純度、高分散性、高抗氧化性的立方晶系納米級(jí)銅粉。通過(guò)考察反應(yīng)體系pH值、反應(yīng)物配比、無(wú)水硫酸銅濃度、反應(yīng)溫度、分散劑對(duì)反應(yīng)速度及產(chǎn)物粒徑的影響，得出最佳工藝條件是：pH值為2，無(wú)水硫酸銅與次亞磷酸鈉的摩爾比為1∶1.3，無(wú)水硫酸銅濃度為0.2 mol/L，采用復(fù)合非離子型分散劑，反應(yīng)溫度為50 ℃，反應(yīng)時(shí)間為2 h。經(jīng)超臨界流體干燥制得的納米銅粉用IR、TEM、XRD進(jìn)行了表征。結(jié)果表明，粉體顆粒為球形，粒徑約為25 nm；與普通干燥法比較，超臨界流體干燥法實(shí)現(xiàn)了粉體干燥與表面改性一步完成。最后，討論了納米銅粉對(duì)潤(rùn)滑油摩擦學(xué)性能的影響。
關(guān)鍵字: 超臨界流體干燥法； 納米銅粉； 化學(xué)還原法； 摩擦學(xué)性能
（ Graduate School of Modern Catalyst,
Beijing University of Chemical Technology,
Beijing 100029, China）
Abstract: High stable and dispersive nanosized copper particles with spherical shape and average size of 25 nm were produced by combining the chemical reduction method with supercritical fluid drying technique. The optimum process conditions selected by test was found as follows: pH value is 2, the molar ratio of CuSO4 to NaH2PO2 is 1.3, the concentration of CuSO4 is 0.2 mol/L, reaction temperature is 50 ℃, reaction time is 2 h，using multiplex non-ionic dispersant. The copper powders gotten at the best conditions were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and infrared ray microscopy. Moreover, the tribology property of lubricating oil containing the nanocopper powder was also discussed.
Key words: supercritical fluid drying technique; nanosized copper; chemical reduction; tribology
