( 1. 東北大學(xué) 材料與冶金學(xué)院， 沈陽 110004；
2. 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，
哈爾濱 150001)
摘 要: 對20世紀(jì)90年代以來國內(nèi)外超塑性的研究工作進(jìn)行了介紹和評述。 主要介紹了新的超塑材料的開發(fā)及超塑性的應(yīng)用，概述了國內(nèi)外超塑性研究的最新進(jìn)展， 并對超塑性研究的熱點(diǎn)問題進(jìn)行了評述， 重點(diǎn)評述了用超塑成型方法制作大型鋁合金汽車零件、 用分子動(dòng)力學(xué)模擬超塑變形中的晶界滑動(dòng)、新材料和納米材料的超塑性開發(fā)及超塑微成形的研究等國內(nèi)外超塑性研究的新進(jìn)展。 展望了超塑性的發(fā)展趨勢， 指出應(yīng)開發(fā)材料的低溫或高速超塑性， 重視超塑性流動(dòng)過程的理論研究，進(jìn)一步拓展超塑性的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。
關(guān)鍵字: 組織超塑性； 相變超塑性； 超塑成形/擴(kuò)散焊接
（ 1. School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University,Shenyang 110004, China;
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China）
Abstract: The major research work in the field of superplasticity of materials since 1990s in the last century has been introduced and commented. The developments of new superplastic materials, transformation superplasticity and applications of superplastic forming are introduced , the newest progresses are summarized and the subjects with common interests are discussed. The main new developments in the field of superplasticity such as the manufacture of large scale aluminium parts in automobiles, simulation of grain boundary sliding by molecular dynamics, developments of new and nano-scale materials and superplastic microforming are all emphasized. The developing trends of superplasticity are forecasted and it is clarified that the future work should be carried out in the aspects of developing low temperature and high speed superplasticity, investigating superplastic flow theoretically and enlarging the application of superplastic forming.
Key words: microstructural superplasticity; transformation superplasticity; superplastic forming/diffasion bonding
