增強(qiáng)鋁基復(fù)合材料及其性能
( 江蘇大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，鎮(zhèn)江 212013)
摘 要: 研究了采用Al-Zr(CO3)2-KBF4組元通過熔體反應(yīng)法原位合成顆粒增強(qiáng)鋁基復(fù)合材料。 X射線衍射(XRD)和掃描電鏡(SEM)分析表明: 內(nèi)生增強(qiáng)相顆粒為ZrAl3、 ZrB2和Al2O3，粒度為3～4 μm，且在基體中彌散分布。 復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能和干滑動(dòng)磨損特性研究表明： 在反應(yīng)物加入量為0～20%(質(zhì)量百分?jǐn)?shù))范圍內(nèi)時(shí)， 復(fù)合材料的抗拉強(qiáng)度和屈服強(qiáng)度較純鋁基體明顯提高，當(dāng)反應(yīng)物加入量為20%時(shí), 抗拉強(qiáng)度為150.3 MPa, 屈服強(qiáng)度為113.7 MPa。 當(dāng)反應(yīng)物加入量為5%時(shí)延伸率最佳為33％， 屬塑性斷裂。 復(fù)合材料的耐磨性較鋁基體顯著提高，當(dāng)反應(yīng)物加入量為10%時(shí)耐磨性最好。 鋁基體的磨損機(jī)制是粘著磨損， 而(ZrAl3+ZrB2+Al2O3)p/Al 復(fù)合材料的磨損機(jī)制是磨粒磨損。
關(guān)鍵字: Al-Zr-O-B體系； 復(fù)合材料； 原位合成； 抗拉強(qiáng)度； 磨粒磨損
in-situ synthesized in Al-Zr-O-B system
ZHU Yan-shan
（ School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China）
Abstract: The Al-Zr(CO3)2KBF4 components were used to fabricate the particle reinforced aluminum-based composites by the direct melt reaction method. The results of X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) show that the in-situ endogenetic particles are ZrAl3, ZrB2 and Al2O3, which are well distributed in the aluminum matrix. The sizes of particles are 3-4 μm. The results of mechanical and wearing properties of the composites show that the tensile strength and yield strength are improved with the increase of adding amounts of reactants in the range of 0-20%(mass fraction), which are much superior to those of aluminum matrix. The best elongation is 33% when the adding amount is 5%. The wear-resistance of the composites are much higher than that of aluminum matrix. The wearing mechanism of the aluminum matrix is adhesive wear while the wearing mechanism of (ZrAl3+ ZrB2+Al2O3)p/Al composites is abrasive wear.
Key words: Al-Zr-O-B system; composite; in-situ fabrication; tensile strength; abrasive wear
