( 1. 湖南冶金職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 冶金系，株洲 412000;
2. 中南大學(xué) 冶金科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院, 長沙 410083)
摘 要: 用“時間標(biāo)尺”實(shí)驗法測定了T-ZnO晶須在不同生長時期的生長速率， 用掃描電鏡觀察分析了不同條件下晶須的生長形貌。 結(jié)果表明： T-ZnO晶須的結(jié)晶作用是氣-液-固(VLS)方式， 晶須生長受螺旋生長機(jī)理控制； 鋅蒸氣中產(chǎn)生凝聚生長的鋅液滴是制備T-ZnO晶須的關(guān)鍵， 鋅從液滴內(nèi)向外擴(kuò)散在晶須的端面產(chǎn)生生長臺階， 隨著液滴內(nèi)的原子向外不斷擴(kuò)散， 針體部分就不斷地伸長生長， 當(dāng)液滴內(nèi)的原子全部消耗盡時， 晶須便不再發(fā)生軸向生長； 氣-固(VS)方式的作用主要是促進(jìn)晶須棱面生長而使晶須變粗， 對軸向生長幾乎沒有影響。
關(guān)鍵字: T-ZnO晶須; 生長速度; 氣-液-固生長; 氣-固生長
（ 1. Department of Metallurgy, Hunan Metallurgical and Polytechnical Institute, Zhuzhou 412000, China;
2. School of Metallurgical Science and Technology,
Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract: The growth rate at different growth stages of tetrapod ZnO was determined by the “time mark” experiments and the morphologies formed under different conditions were examined by scanning electronic microscope. The results show that the growth rate of tetrapod ZnO is controlled by spiral growth and its crystallization is via VLS model. The condensation of tiny zinc droplets in zinc vapor is the key factor of the formation of tetrapod ZnO. The growth steps are formed on the terminated faces as zinc diffuses outwards and the elongation of whiskers continues until zinc inside the droplets is depleted. VS crystallization, which has little effect on the elongation growth, takes place on side faces of the whiskers and consequently makes the whiskers radius increase.
Key words: tetrapod ZnO whisker; growth rate; vapor-liquid-solid growth; vapor-solid growth
