兩種反應(yīng)現(xiàn)象與機(jī)理
(云南大學(xué) 化學(xué)與材料工程學(xué)院, 昆明 650091)
摘 要: 在一些冶金化學(xué)反應(yīng)中, PdCl2-4配離子常隨反應(yīng)劑混合方式的不同或鹽酸濃度的不同, 顯現(xiàn)出兩種反應(yīng)現(xiàn)象。 通過(guò)分析PdCl2-4與Na2S的沉淀反應(yīng)、 與銅的置換反應(yīng)、 溶劑萃取反應(yīng)及離子交換反應(yīng)過(guò)程, 研究了這些反應(yīng)中發(fā)生的兩種反應(yīng)機(jī)理。 研究結(jié)果表明: 其原因是PdCl2-4在六種鉑族金屬的氯配離子中, 具有最低的熱力學(xué)穩(wěn)定性和最大的動(dòng)力學(xué)活性, 它極易發(fā)生水合反應(yīng), 導(dǎo)致溶液中出現(xiàn)多種水合氯合配合物物種, 它們以不同的反應(yīng)機(jī)理與反應(yīng)劑發(fā)生反應(yīng)。
關(guān)鍵字: 鈀; PdCl2-4; 反應(yīng)機(jī)理; 物理化學(xué)
( School of Chemistry and Material Engineering,
Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China)
Abstract: Two different experimental phenomena on PdCl2-4 in some chemical reactions, for example, Na2S deposition, Cu cementation, solvent extraction and ion exchange were observed, which lies on the ways of reactant blending and the HCl concentration. Those different phenomena suggest that two different mechanisms occur during the reactions. The results show that PdCl2-4 have the lowest thermodynamics stability and the highest kinetics activity in all six platinum group metal chloride complexes, which results in PdCl2-4 easily to be hydrated and different complex ions presenting in the solution, therefore PdCl2-4 reacts according to different reaction mechanisms.
Key words: palladium; PdCl2-4; reaction mechanism; physical chemistry


