(1. 中南大學(xué) 資源與安全工程學(xué)院, 長沙 410083;
2. 山東理工大學(xué) 資源與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院, 淄博 255049)
摘 要: 在浸出-萃取-電積工藝處理排土場物料過程中, 浸出是最薄弱的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。 分析了排土場堆浸現(xiàn)行工藝中存在的問題, 闡釋了細(xì)菌浸礦熱量傳遞規(guī)律、氧氣傳輸規(guī)律, 提出了管注法浸出新工藝, 并用兩個(gè)礦山實(shí)例來說明4種不同類型的排土場浸出新工藝設(shè)計(jì)原則。 研究表明： 排土場分層表面風(fēng)化、 壓實(shí)是滲透性差的原因, 堆內(nèi)氧氣不足、 溫度變化幅度大直接影響到細(xì)菌的繁殖和浸礦效果； 采用水平滲透代替垂直滲透、 人工供氣和控制浸堆溫度是排土場強(qiáng)化浸出技術(shù)的核心；采用管注法新工藝可使溶浸液覆蓋率由30%提高到95%, 滿足浸出反應(yīng)所需氧量, 浸堆溫度控制在15~40 ℃, 浸出液濃度提高2倍, 生產(chǎn)能力擴(kuò)大3倍, 利潤比舊工藝提高3.8倍。
關(guān)鍵字: 排土場； 管注浸出法； 浸出新工藝； 傳熱規(guī)律； 氧氣傳輸規(guī)律
large dump of copper mine
（1. School of Resource and Safety Engineering,
Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. School of Resource and Environmental Engineering,
Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China）
Abstract: In the process of material in dump by L-SX-EW, leaching is the weakest link. The paper analyzed the question existing in the current technics of dump leaching, explained the rule of heat transfer and oxygen tranfer in bioleaching, offered the new technique of pipe-pouring leaching, and cased the two mine example to illuminate the design principe of new leaching technology used in four different kind dump. Studies have shown that the cause of weak permeation is weathering and compacting layer on the surface of dump, the influencing factor of bacterial breading and leaching effect are lack of oxygen and large varing range of temperature in dump. The core of the accelerating leaching technology are the level penetrating mode instead of vertival one, suppling oxygen by artifical draught and controlling temperature in dump. The new technics can raise the fraction of coverage of solution from 30% to 95%, meet the oxygen demand of leaching reaction, control temperature bewteen 15 ℃ and 40 ℃, increase lixivium density to 2 times, enlarge yield to 3 times, and heigthen profit to 3.8 times of the old one.
Key words: dump; pipe-pour leaching method; new leaching technique; heat transfer rule; oxygen tranfer rule
