復雜硫化礦物浮選行為的抑制機理
(中南大學 資源加工與生物工程學院， 長沙 410083)
摘 要: 通過浮選實驗、 紅外光譜測定， 考察了脆硫銻鉛礦、 磁黃鐵礦和鐵閃鋅礦在丁黃藥作用下的浮選行為和巰基類小分子有機抑制劑（巰基乙酸、巰基乙醇）對三種礦物的抑制效果以及Cu2+離子對巰基化合物抑制效果的影響。 結果表明： 用丁黃藥作捕收劑, 脆硫銻鉛礦和磁黃鐵礦在pH 2~10范圍內(nèi)都有良好的可浮性， 鐵閃鋅礦在酸性條件下可浮性好，三者分離困難； 在pH 6~8之間， 采用巰基乙酸和巰基乙醇作抑制劑， 脆硫銻鉛礦與磁黃鐵礦和鐵閃鋅礦的分離是可能的; 但銅離子存在時， 3種礦物之間的選擇性分離是難以實現(xiàn)的。 紅外光譜測試表明：在抑制劑分子中有多種官能團如—SH、 —COOH、 —OH等。 丁黃藥和抑制劑在礦物表面存在競爭吸附， 有機抑制劑攜帶親水基團， 使得礦物表面更容易親水， 從而受到抑制。
關鍵字: 脆硫銻鉛礦; 磁黃鐵礦; 鐵閃鋅礦; 巰基; 有機抑制劑; 選擇性分離
（School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,
Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract: With butyl xanthate as a collecter， the flotation behavior of jamesonite， pyrrhotite and marmatite， the depressing effects of small mercapto organic depressant (mercaptoacetic acid, mercaptoethanol ) and the effect of Cu2+ ion on depressing ability of mercapto compound were studied through flotation test and infrared spectrum. The results show that jamesonite and pyrrhotite have good floatability in the pH range of 2-10 and marmatite has good floatability in the acid and it is difficult to separate these minerals. In the pH range of 6-8, the separation of jamesonite and pyrrhotite, marmatite is possible when using mercaptoacetic acid and mercaptoethanol as depressants. In case of the presence of Cu2+ ion, however， it is difficult to separate the three minerals. Infrared spectrum demonstrates that there are a number of function groups such as —SH, —COOH， —OH in the molecular structure of depressant. Xanthate and depressant compete in their adsorption on surface of sulfide minerals. Organic depressant has hydrophilic functions groups (—COOH, —OH, ) to make the surfaces of pyrrhotite and marmatite more hydrophilic, resulting in the depression of the minerals.
Key words: jamesonite; pyrrhotite; marmatite; mercapto; organic depressant; selective separation
