(1. 上海交通大學(xué) 機(jī)械與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院，上海 200240；2. 上海交通大學(xué) 微納米科學(xué)研究院，上海 200240；3. 上海交友鉆石涂層有限公司，上海 200240)
摘 要: 為研究拉拔參數(shù)對(duì)銅管空拔變形的影響，運(yùn)用非線性有限元分析軟件對(duì)銅管空拔過(guò)程進(jìn)行仿真，分析空拔過(guò)程中銅管與模具的軸向及徑向應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律，并以此闡述空拔銅管的縮徑缺陷。利用正交實(shí)驗(yàn)法模擬研究拉拔參數(shù)(工作錐半角α、過(guò)渡圓弧半徑R、定徑帶長(zhǎng)度L、摩擦因數(shù)μ、拉拔速度v)對(duì)銅管空拔的影響，并采用極差分析和方差分析對(duì)模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析，得到銅管一定減面率條件下的最佳拉拔參數(shù)(α=9°，R=5 mm，L=2 mm, μ=0.05, v=100 m/min)及各因素對(duì)分析指標(biāo)的影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)優(yōu)化方案進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬，模擬結(jié)果表明了正交實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)銅管空拔參數(shù)優(yōu)化的有效性。這對(duì)實(shí)際中提高銅管空拔質(zhì)量，延長(zhǎng)模具壽命有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。
關(guān)鍵字: 空拔；銅管；拉拔參數(shù)；有限元；正交實(shí)驗(yàn)法
（1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. Research Institute of Micro/Nanometer Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;3. Shanghai Jiaoyou Diamond Coating Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China）
Abstract:In order to investigate the influence of drawing parameters on the deformation of copper tubes in hollow sinking, the nonlinear finite element software was used to simulate the whole copper tube hollow sinking process. The distributions of the axial stress and radial stress were analyzed, and the mechanism of drawn copper tubes diameter shrinking was explained. The influences of drawing parameters (the semi-angle of drawing dies α, the transition arc radius R, the length of bearing part L, the friction coefficient μ, the drawing velocity v) on copper tubes hollow sinking were investigated by using orthogonal experiment. The optimal drawing parameters (α=9°, R=5 mm, L=2 mm, μ=0.05, v=100 m/min) under certain reduction of area and the influence of factors on analysis indexes were obtained according to the simulation results by range analysis and variance analysis. Furthermore, the optimal drawing parameters were simulated by FEM, and the simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of the orthogonal experiment in optimizing tubes drawing in hollow sinking. It is of great significant for improving the quality of drawn copper tubes and prolonging the lifetime of drawing dies.
Key words: hollow sinking; copper tube; drawing parameter; finite element; orthogonal experiment
